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Sharing the water of the Ganges
The sharing of the Ganges waters between India and Bangladesh over the appropriate allocation and development of the water resources of the Ganges River that flows from northern India into Bangladesh. The issue has remained a subject of conflict for almost 35 years, with several bilateral agreements and rounds of talks failing to produce results.
However, a comprehensive bilateral treaty was signed by the ex Indian Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda and the then-Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed on December 12, 1996 in the Indian capital of New Delhi. The treaty established a 30-year water-sharing arrangement and recognized Bangladesh's rights as a lower-level riparian.〔Robie I. Samanta Roy (November 1997). (India-Bangladesh Water Dispute ) American.edu. Accessed 2008-05-30.〕〔(Ganges Water-Sharing ) Banglapedia.〕〔Saswati Chanda & Alok Kumar Gupta (24 January 2000). (The Ganges Water Sharing Treaty: Genesis & Significance ) IPCS.org. Accessed 2008-05-30.〕
== Background ==
Descending from India's northern plains, the Ganges river forms a boundary of 129 kilometres between India and Bangladesh and flows for 113 km in Bangladesh. At Pakaur in India, the river begins its attrition with the branching away of its first distributary, the Bhagirathi River, which goes on to form the Hooghly River. About 10 kilometres from the border with Bangladesh the Farakka Barrage, built in 1974, controls the flow of the Ganges, diverting some of the water into a feeder canal linking the Hooghly to keep it relatively silt-free.〔(Bangladesh's relations with India ) CountryStudies.us. Accessed 2008-05-30.〕
After entering Bangladesh, the main branch of the Ganges is known as the Padma River until it is joined by the Jamuna River, the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra River, which descends from Assam and Northeast India. Further downstream, the Ganges is fed by the Meghna River, the second-largest distributary of the Brahmaputra, and takes on the Meghna's name as it enters the Meghna estuary. Fanning out into the 350 km wide Ganges Delta, it finally empties into the Bay of Bengal. A total of 54 rivers flow into Bangladesh from India.〔Sudha Ramachandran (June 8, 2006). (India, Bangladesh fight against the current ). Asia Times. Accessed 2008-05-30.〕
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